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Brook
Farm, perhaps history's most well-known utopian community,
was founded by George and Sophia Ripley near West Roxbury,
Massachusetts. Its primary appeal was to young Bostonians
who were uncomfortable with the materialism of American
life, and the community was a refuge for dozens of transcendentalists,
including Ralph Waldo Emerson and Nathaniel Hawthorne.
more
about Brook Farm 
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| Following
four days of demonstrations in Quebec City against the Military
Services Act that devolved into rioting, Prime Minister Robert
Borden called in troops from Ontario to stop the violence.
Orders from the soldiers were read in English only to the mostly
Francophone demonstrators, and when the they didn’t disperse,
the troops fired, killing four and wounding 70. [see March 28] |
|
| 500 schoolchildren
paraded through Chicago's downtown section to the Board of
Education offices, demanding that the school system provide
them with food. |
|
|
Following
four days of demonstrations against the Military Services
Act that devolved into rioting, Prime Minister Robert
Borden called in troops
from Ontario to stop the violence.
Orders from the soldiers were read in English only, and when the demonstrators
didn’t disperse, the troops fired, killing four and wounding 70.
[see
March 28, 1918]
|
 |
memorial
monument
|
|
| 500
schoolchildren paraded through Chicago's downtown section
to the Board of Education offices, demanding that the school
system provide them with food. |
|
| The
African National Congress had called on parents to withdraw
their children by this day from South African schools in
resistance to the Bantu Education Act. That 1953 law transferred
education of the Bantu (blacks) from religious missions
to state-controlled schools. Mission education, argued
the then minister of Bantu Education, Dr. H.F. Verwoerd,
not only tended to create “false expectations” amongst
the natives, but was also in direct conflict with South
Africa’s apartheid policies. |
|
|
Following
decades of struggle and ending a five-year national boycott,
the United Farm Workers signed its first contract for
table-grape workers with two of California's largest
grape growers.
read
about the boycott
|
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|
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Protesters
in the United Kingdom formed a human chain 22.5 kilometers
(14 miles) long to express their opposition to the presence
of nuclear missiles. The chain started at the American
airbase at Greenham Common, passed the Aldermaston nuclear
research center, and ended at the ordnance factory in
Burghfield.
At the same time 15,000 people took part in the first of a series of
anti-nuclear marches in West Germany. They are protesting against the
siting of American cruise missiles on West German territory.
|
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| The
Environmental Protection Agency ordered an end to the dumping
of sludge off the New Jersey coast into the Atlantic Ocean. |
|
| One hundred thousand Vietnamese
demonstrated in Da Nang against both the U.S. and South Vietnamese
governments. Civil unrest spread also to Hue and Saigon. |
|
|
Massachusetts, in the midst
of the Vietnam war, enacted a law which ex-empted its citizens
from having to fight in an undeclared war.
|
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10,000
British joined a rally in advance of a three-day, fifty-mile
peace march from Trafalgar Square, London, to
Aldermaston, Berkshire. Berkshire was the site of the
AWRE (Atomic Weapons Research Establishment). This march
marked the beginning of many protests against Britain's
devel-opment of nuclear weaponry. Thousands made the march
along the same route for many years.
|
 |
Some
10,000 people joined the 1958 rally.
|
|
David
and Renee Gill at the first Altermaston march 1958 (left)
and at the April 2004 march (right)
...still
protesting for
nuclear
disarmament.
read
the story
|
 |
|
| Martin
Luther King, Jr., launched a voter registration drive in
Birmingham, Alabama.
Police Chief "Bull" Connor responded with fire
hoses & attack dogs.
|
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|
The
Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his "I've
been to the mountaintop" speech in Memphis, Tennessee.
King was there to support sanita-tion workers striking to
protest low wages and poor working conditions.“.
. . I've seen the Promised Land. I may not get there with
you.
But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will
get to the promised land!And so I'm happy, tonight. I'm not
worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man! Mine eyes
have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord!”
King
was assassinated the next day.
|
read
the speech ...or
listen
|
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Four
thousand began the first of eleven consecutive annual
Easter protest marches. It took three days on foot from
London to the Aldermaston AWRE (Atomic Weapons Research
Establishment) base in England.
|
watch
one of the marches 
|
Aldermaston March, 1st Day, 1958. |
|
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., head of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference, in a speech to
Clergy and Laity Concerned at the Riverside Church in New
York City, called for common cause between the civil rights
and peace movements. The Nobel Peace Prize-winner proposed
the United States stop all bombing of North and South Vietnam;
declare a unilateral truce in the hope that it would lead
to peace talks; set a date for with-drawal of all troops
from Vietnam; and give the National Liberation Front a
role in negotiations.
|
|
"...this
war is a blasphemy against all that America
stands for...." |
read
the speechor
listen
|
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|
|
Martin Luther King, Jr., 39, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee,
where he had come to help with a strike by sanitation
workers. Riots in reaction to the assassination broke
out in over a hundred cities across the U.S., lasting
u p to a week; cities included Chicago, Baltimore,
Washington, DC, Cincinnati, Boston, Detroit, Philadelphia,
San
Francisco, Toledo, Pittsburgh, and Seattle. The government
deployed 75,000 National Guard troops. 39 people died
and 2,500 were injured.
|
Revs.
Ralph Abernathy, Jesse Jackson, and King on the balcony
of the Lorraine Motel shortly before he was shot.
|
The
building now houses the National Civil Rights Museum.
visit the museum |
James
Earl Ray confessed to the slaying, was sentenced to 99
years in prison, but later recanted. Numerous people originally
involved in investi-gating him have raised serious doubts
about his involvement; after Ray's death, a 1999 civil
jury trial in Memphis concluded that Ray did not act alone.
|
|
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CBS-TV censored anti-Vietnam War commentary on its network
through its cancellation of "The Smothers Brothers
Comedy Hour," despite the show’s commercial
success.
|
read more
|
|
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The
women of the main peace camp at Greenham Common in Berkshire,
England, were evicted
by British authorities. They had been encamped for over two
years to oppose the presence of nucleararmed cruise missiles
at the military base there. They said it would not end their
protest. |
read more |
|
|
The
Harrisburg Seven case ended in mistrial after 11 weeks.
The Seven were charged with plotting to kidnap Secretary
of State Henry Kissinger, among other alleged crimes.
The defense attorney, recent former U.S. Attorney General
Ramsey Clark, Asked by the presiding judge to call his
first witness said, "Your Honor, the defendants shall
always seek peace. They continue to proclaim their innocence.
The defense rests." Only Phil Berrigan and Sister Elizabeth
McAllister were declared guilty of smuggling letters in and
out of prison.
They later married, co-founding Baltimore's
Jonah House.
visit
Jonah House
|
|
| Dublin, Ireland,
declared itself a nuclear-free zone by vote of its City Council. |
|
| Columbia
University students occupied Hamilton Hall to demand divest-ment
by the university
of its assets invested in companies doing business with South
Africa. The dis-investment was to pressure the racially separatist
government to eliminate its racially separatist policy of
apartheid. |
|
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|
Solidarity
(Solidarnosc in Polish) became the first independent
labor union given
legal status in Poland. It started out as a strike committee
among shipyard workers advocating democratic reforms during
the summer of 1980 in Gdansk (FKA Danzig). A very high
percentage of the Polish work-ers, a broad representation
of the political and social opposition to the communist
military regime, became members despite the union’s
having been declared illegal in October of 1982.
|
|
| A
march and rally in support of women's reproductive rights
and equality drew several hundred thousand people to Washington,
D.C. One of the largest protests ever in the nation's capital,
the pro-choice rally occurred as the U.S. Supreme Court was
about to consider the constitutionality of a Pennsylvania
law that limited access to abortions. Many abortion-rights
advocates feared that the high court, with its conservative
majority, might find the Pennsylvania law unconstitutional,
or even overturn the 1973 Roe v. Wade ruling that made abortion
legal. |
 |
read more
|
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|
54
were arrested in a Good Friday protest at Livermore Nuclear
Weapons Laboratory in California.
|
|
The
first major slave rebellion in the North American British
colonies took place in New York.
|
read
about the rebellion |
Original documents |
|
Mohandas
Gandhi and his followers made salt by boiling seawater,
an act of civil disobedience that violated the law. Following
the Indian declaration of independence in January, Gandhi
had sought a nonviolent means of resisting the Raj, as
the British colonial control of India was known.
Gandhi
chose salt, a dietary necessity in the hot climate of India.
The British not only exercised monopoly control over its production
and sale, but taxed it as well. |
| He
wrote to the Viceroy, “I
regard this to be the most iniquitous of all from the poor
man’s standpoint.”Gandhi and 78 of his supporters
who practiced satyagraha (prohibition of both physical and
psychological violence, active caring toward the oppo-nent,
and the intention to convert; unconditional commitment to
nonvio-lence based both on principle and on practical/humanitarian
considera-tions) began a 390-km (240-mile) march in Ahmedabad,
drawing crowds in every village as they went. They arrived
at the seaside in Dandi 23 days later, with thousands who
had joined them along the way.He was imprisoned as were nearly
60,000 others for their defiance of the Salt Laws, and millions
more risked arrest. Though independence was not achieved
until 1947, this was the turning point in popular understanding
of a peaceful path toward a political goal. |
 |
Gandhi
making salt
|
The
Salt March to Dandi
|
|
| Dozens
of major cities in the United States were rocked by an escalation
in the race riots that followed the assassination of Martin
Luther King two days before. By this time, at least 19 people
had died in the arson, looting and shootings. Several hundred
had also been injured and about 3,000 arrested — most
of those in Washington, D.C. |
read
more
|
|
| Oakland
police raided Black Panther Party headquarters, killing
Bobby Hutton and wounding three others, including Eldridge
Cleaver. Police opened fire on a car of Black Panthers
returning from a meeting. The Panthers escaped their vehicle
and ran into a house. Police attacked the house with tear
gas and gunfire. After the building was on fire, the Panthers
tried to surrender. Seventeen-year-old Bobby Hutton came
out of the house with his hands in the air. But a police
officer shouted, "He's got a gun." This prompted
further police gunfire that left Hutton dead. Police later
admitted he was unarmed. |
 |
Bobby
Hutton
|
|
|
Interior Secretary James Watt banned the Beach Boys from the Fourth of
July celebration on the Washington Mall, saying rock 'n' roll bands
attracted the ''wrong element."
|
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|
|
Eleven
were arrested at the main post office near Capitol Hill
in Washington, D.C., for attempting to mail medical supplies
to Iraq in defiance of the U.S.-led embargo.
a
chronology by Voices in the Wilderness and the struggle
against sanctions
|
|
| Thousands
protested against the nuclear industry in Sydney, Australia.
The country was a major source of uranium, the radioactive
heavy metal necessary for the power generation and weapons
industries. |
| The
marchers were from many allied groups concerned about many
related issues: the link between the uranium industry and weapons
proliferation; the environmental destructiveness of nuclear
power; the impact of uranium mining on Aborigines and workers
in the industry; the Cold War nuclear arms spiral and Australia's
contribution to it through the hosting of US bases, allowing
US nuclear warships to use Australian ports and the ANZUS alliance;
weapons testing in the Pacific, and the secret history of the
British nuclear weapons tests in the region. |
 |
Sydney anti-uranium
protest
Photo: Paul Keig
|
|
 |
Genocide
in Rwanda began. Over the following 90 days at least a
half million people were killed by their countrymen, principally
Hutus killing Tutsis. This day is commemorated annually
with prayer vigils in Rwanda.
Canadian Gen. Romeo Dallaire, head of the U.N. Peacekeeping Force in Rwanda,
a tiny African nation formerly a Belgian colony, had warned of impending slaughter,
but was ordered not to attempt to intervene.
|
|
|
Interview
with Gen. Dallaire
|
 |
|
From
the background to the aftermath of the genocide
from the Peace Pledge Union |
|
|
| President
Harry S. Truman attempted to nationalize the steel industry
in order to avert a nationwide strike. He was concerned about
a shortage of steel needed for the war effort in Korea. |
|
|
Women
in Black of Lund, Sweden, demonstrated in solidarity with
their Serbian sisters suffering amidst the conflicts resulting
from the dissolution of the former Yugoslavia. “We
dressed in black. We knew that despair and pain needed
to be transformed into political action. Our choice of
black meant that we did not agree with everything that
the Serbian regime was doing. We refused their language
which promotes hate and death. We repeated: "DO NOT
SPEAK FOR US, WE WILL SPEAK FOR OURSELVES "
|
more
about Women in Black
|
|
| Ida
Wells-Barnett, a journalist, speaker and advocate for suffrage,
wrote to Pres. William McKinley for federal action against
those who lynched the U.S. Postmaster of Lake City, South
Carolina. |
 |
Though
the federal government had previously refused to involve
itself with the thousands of lynchings,
leaving them to be dealt with at the state level, Ms. Wells-Barnett
insisted that a postmaster’s murder was a federal
matter.“ We most earnestly desire that national legislation
be enacted for the suppression of the national crime of
lynching . . . .
“ Nowhere in the civilized world save the United States of America do men,
possessing all civil and political power, go out in bands of 50 and 5,000 to
hunt down, shoot, hang or burn to death a single individual, unarmed and absolutely
powerless . . . We refuse to believe this country, so powerful to defend its
citizens abroad, is unable to protect its citizens at home.” |
| Ida
Wells-Barnett |
|
| The
first freedom ride, the "Journey of Reconciliation," left
Washington, D.C. to travel through four states of the upper
South. |
|
|
In
response to a Supreme Court decision outlawing segregated
seating in interstate travel, the group of both black
and white Americans rode together despite “Jim
Crow” state laws making it illegal. Some members
of the group served on a chain gang after their arrest
in North Carolina. The integrated bus tour was sponsored
by CORE (Congress for Racial Equality) and FOR (Fellowship
of Reconciliation).
read
more about the freedom rides
|
|
Members
of the Bigstone Cree band of indigenous people ended a 250-mile
march to the capital, Edmonton, to highlight their economic
plight in northern Alberta, Canada.
|
 |
|
|
|
Former
Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara first publicly acknowledged
error in prosecution
of the war in Vietnam.
“ Yet we were wrong, terribly
wrong. We owe it to future generations to explain why."
McNamara
in the movie, Fog of War
(resources
include comprehensive lesson plans)
Robert
McNamara & the Iraq War
|
|
| Jubilee
2000 National Mobilization Day in Washington, D.C. brought
together individuals and groups demanding cancellation
of third world debt. |
"Every
child in Africa is born with a financial burden which
a lifetime's work cannot repay. The debt is a new form
of
slavery as vicious as the slave trade." |
More
on Jubilee 2000 |
|
| In
what was the first ghetto, Jews in Venice, Italy, were
forced to live in a specific, restricted area of the city
known as ghetto nuovo. The word "ghetto" comes
from the Venetian word "geto," meaning foundry.
Prior to becoming an exclusively Jewish neighborhood, the
Venice ghetto was the site of two foundries. |
|
|
After
its establishment the city’s Jews, who were allowed
to attend to their business during the day (though required
to wear a yellow badge or scarf indicating their religion),
were forced to return to the ghetto where gates were locked
to keep them inside overnight.
|
|
|
|
Charlie
Chaplin received an honorary Oscar for "the incalculable
effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form
of this century.” The British native’s political
views had been criticized, as had been his failure to apply
for U.S. citizenship. Pressed for back taxes and accused
of supporting subversive causes during the McCarthy era,
Chaplin left the United States in 1952. Informed that he
would not be welcomed back, he retorted, "I wouldn't
go back there if Jesus Christ were president." He
returned briefly from exile, however, to accept this award
and received the longest standing ovation in Academy Award
history, lasting a full five minutes.
|
|
|
The United Nations Convention on
Certain Conventional Weapons (also known as the Inhumane
Weapons Convention) started gathering signatures of nations
willing to abide by its limitations.
|
Currently,
105 countries have agreed to ban or limit munitions
that cause unnecessary or unjustifiable suffering to
combatants, or affect civilians indiscriminately. So
far the restrictions cover mines, booby traps, incendiary
weapons (such as Napalm) and blinding laser weapons.
This
Life photograph of a naked child running down a street
in Vietnam screaming in agony captures the effects of
Napalm. Nick Ut's photograph of Kim Phuk, taken in 1972,
won the Pulitzer Prize ( Associated Press).
|
 |
more on the treaty
|
more
on incendiary weapons |
|
|
The
Northern Ireland peace talks ended with an historic accord – called
the Good Friday Agreement – reached after nearly two
years of talks and 30 years of conflict. Former U.S. Senator
George Mitchell (D-Maine) was chair of the talks established
a Northern Irish Assembly for both the Irish Catholic republicans
and the British Anglican unionists.
|
read more |
|
|
Mrs. Annie Besant, a Briton and head of the Theosophical Society
of India, established the Home Rule League with autonomy for
India from British colonial rule as its goal.
|
|
The
trial of Nazi war criminal Adolf Eichmann began in Israel.
The man accused of leading Hitler’s effort to exterminate
the Jewish people and others faced 15 charges, including
crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people,
and war crimes.
read
the charges
|
 |
Adolf Eichmann |
|
| Civil
Rights Act of 1968 was signed into law by Pres. Lyndon Johnson
just one week after the assassination of Rev. Martin Luther
King, Jr. The law bars racial discrimination in the sale,
rental or financing of housing and other areas. |
|
| 60,000 students across the
U.S. took part in the first nationwide student strike. The
protest was against participation in any war. |
|
Posters
from the anti-war movement of the 1930's
|
|
|
Ninety-year-old
Jeanette Rankin, the first female member of Congress, and
the only one to vote against U.S. entry into both World Wars,
led 8,000 in protest of the Vietnam War in the Women's peace
march on the Pentagon. |
 |
|
|
|
The first European demonstration against nuclear power brought
together 1500 to oppose construction of a nuclear
power plant in Fessenheim, France.
Protest at Fessenheim
|
|
|
Socialist,
pacifist, and labor leader Eugene V. Debs was imprisoned
for opposing U.S. entry into World War I.
While in prison, he received nearly one million votes for President in 1920 (as
he had in 1912). |
 |
learn
more about Eugene Debs
|
|
|
In
Amritsar, holiest city of the Sikh religion (in India’s Punjab
province), British and Gurkha troops fired without warning
and killed at least 379 and wounded 1200 Sikhs meeting
in a park known as Jallianwala Bagh to celebrate their
new year’s festival of Baisakhi Mela. In the previous
three days, two key Sikh leaders had been deported, Mohandas
Ghandi had been barred from entering the Punjab, and a
general strike and demonstration had been met with deadly
fire from British troops, sparking violent reaction.
|
 |
read
the background of the Amritsar massacre
|
|
|
Rachel Carson's book indicting
the pesticide industry, Silent Spring, was published. The
scientist (17 years with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
and writer demonstrated the connection between the excessive
and ubiquitous use of DDT and its long-term effect on plants
and animals. |
Rachel
Carson at work c. 1936
|
| The
impact of her book proved seminal to a new ecological awareness.
But
even 30 years later, Carson was denounced for "preservationist
hysteria" and "bad science." But she had said
when the book was published: "We do not ask that all
chemicals be abandoned. We ask moderation. We ask the use
of other methods less harmful to our environment." |
Silent
Spring and its impact |
|
|
A massive student rally
in West Berlin blocked the city's main thoroughfare, the
Kurfurstendamm. It ended in violent clashes between police
and the marchers. The students were protesting the shooting
a week earlier of one of their leaders, Rudi Dutschke,
outside the offices of the German Socialist Students Federation
(SDS).
|
 |
read more
|
|
|
The Soviet Union signed an agreement pledging to withdraw
its troops from Afghanistan after ten years. The pact,
drawn up in negotiations between the United States,
the USSR, Pakistan and Afghanistan, was signed at a
United Nations ceremony in the Swiss capital of Geneva.
|
 |
|
The
Danish parliament, the Folketing, insisted that foreign
warships affirmatively state whether or not they carry
nuclear weapons before being allowed to enter their ports.
Previously, the well-known Danish non-nuclear policy had
not been enforced and such weapons were routinely carried
on nuclear-capable NATO ships visiting Denmark. U.S. and
other allies abided by a policy known as "neither
confirming nor denying" (NCND).
|
The
policy and its consequences |
|
Jackie
Roosevelt Robinson became the first African American to
play in a major
league baseball game for more than fifty years. His stepping
onto Ebbets field in a Brooklyn Dodgers uniform broke the "color
line," the segregation of professional teams.
The International League in 1887 began a wave of League-wide
black exclusion, and it had been complete since 1899, when
Bill Galloway became the last African-American player (Woodstock,
Ontario) in white organized ball.
Though hitless in three at-bats, Robinson started at first
base, and the Dodgers beat the Boston Braves that day,
5-3.
|
|
 |
"Jackie,
we've got no army. There's virtually nobody on our side.
No owners, no umpires, very few newspapermen. And I'm
afraid that many fans will be hostile. We'll be in a
tough position.
We can win only if we can convince the world that I'm
doing this because you're a great ballplayer, a fine
gentleman."
" There was never a man in the game who could put mind and muscle together
quicker and with better judgment than (Jackie) Robinson."
-Branch Rickey |
| Jackie Robinson signing his contract with Branch
Rickey, general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers |
Jackie
Robinson and his work on civil rights from the National Archives
|
|
|
Amidst
growing opposition to the war in Vietnam, large-scale
anti-war protests were held in New York, San Francisco
and other cities. In New York, the protest began in Central
Park, where over 150 draft cards were burned, and included
a march to the United Nations led by Rev. Martin Luther
King, Jr.
|
King and Dr. Benjamin
Spock lead an anti-war march to the United Nations, 15 April
1967 |
|
|
Members of Vietnam Veterans Against
the War (VVAW) threw medals they had earned in Vietnam on
the U.S. Capitol steps in protest of the Vietnam War.
read
more about the VVAW
|
|
|
|
The
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) estimated over 2,000 people
openly refused to pay part or all of their income tax
in protest over the war in Vietnam.
“If
a thousand [people] were not to pay their tax bills this
year, that would not be a
violent and bloody
measure, as it would be to pay them and enable the state
to commit violence and shed innocent blood.”
Henry David Thoreau on the Mexican War |
 |
National
War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee |
|
Between
10,000 and 20,000 activists blockaded meetings of the World
Bank and International Monetary Fund in Washington, D.C.
Sitting down in intersections and locking arms to form
human chains, the protestors were opposed to Bank policies
that increased third-world indebtedness and did little
to directly benefit the poor in those countries.
"
The World Bank is subjugating our economic and social independence,"Vineeta
Gupta, a doctor from the Punjab in India, said in a letter
he delivered to World Bank President James Wolfensohn at his
home. "It is time that we shut the bank down, and this
boycott is a great start." |
|
22 were arrested
in New York City for refusing to take shelter during
a civil
defense drill. |
|
|
Inspired
by the Greensboro sit-in by four black college students
at an all-white lunch counter, nearly 150 black students
from nine states formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC). Meeting in Raleigh, North Carolina, with
Ella Baker, James Lawson and Martin Luther King, Jr., the
founders set SNCC’s initial goals as overturning
segregation in the South and giving young blacks a stronger
voice in the civil rights movement. By that time, in mid-April
1960, 50,000 or more students had participated in sit-ins
over just the previous three months.
At the Raleigh conference Guy Carawan sang a new version
of “We Shall Overcome,” an adaptation of an old
labor song. This song would become the national anthem of
the civil rights movement. People joined hands and gently
swayed in time singing “black and white together,” repeating
over and over, “Deep in my heart, I do believe, we
shall overcome some day.”
|
|
 |
History
of SNCC |
SNCC
website
|
|
|
|
An
army of 1,500 anti-Castro Cuban exiles, mercenaries equipped
and trained at a secret Guatemala base by the CIA, landed
at Bahia de Cochinos (Bay of Pigs) in an attempt to "liberate" Cuba
from Communist rule. Within three days, the invasion proved
disastrous with nearly 1,200 members of Brigade 2506 taken
prisoner.
Known as Operation Zapata, it was conceived by Vice President Nixon, planned
and approved by the Eisenhower administration, and executed by Pres. John Kennedy. |
| Cuban
leader Fidel Castro during the Bay of Pigs invasion |
What
actually happened |
Read
formerly classified critique of the operation: |
|
|
The
first national demonstration against the Vietnam War
took place. Students for a Democratic Society (SDS),
the organizers, had expected about 2000 marchers; the
actual count was about 25,000. This was the largest anti-war
protest ever to have been held in Washington, D.C. up
to that time. The number of marchers approximately equaled
the number of U.S. soldiers in Vietnam. Several hundred
students in the protest broke away from the main march
and conducted a brief sit-in at the U.S. Capitol’s
door.
|
read more |
|
|
| |
